Choosing a Pope

 

Jesus and Saint Peter Calling, detail, Calling of Saint Matthew, Caravaggio.

March 12, 2013

By Cornelius Sullivan

Rome

Is it a sacred office or a CEO job? If the latter, then what continent he is from counts, how many languages he speaks matters, if he is too old, or too young must be considered. Or is he a compromise candidate to block the Americans or to block the entrenched Roman Curia? These are all important political things to be mindful of.

If it is indeed a sacred office, we can look at some ideas about who chooses whom, or who finds, and who is found. Pope John Paul II said, “I did not choose you, you chose me.” Pope Benedict has summarized all of sacred scripture as God not having been found but of first finding, beginning with Abraham and all the others that he revealed himself to.

In Benedict’s book Saint Paul he says that the apostle to the Gentiles did not have just a conversion because that implies some change internally, in the ego. He says, “Rather it came from the outside: it was a fruit, not of his thought, but of his encounter with Jesus Christ. In this sense it was not simply a conversion, a development of his “ego”, but rather a death and resurrection for Paul himself.” “One existence died, and another, new one was born. This encounter is a real renewal that changed all his parameters.”

So many things remind us of the sacredness of the Pontifical Office, from the Swiss Guards' uniforms, the white smoke, the locked doors and secrecy. And John Paul’s poem about the Sistine Chapel, part of The Roman Triptych, when he said to the Cardinal electors, "When it is time to vote, look up to Michelangelo for guidance."

In front of Michelangelo’s Genesis and Last Judgment, ideas about time change, and it is not so easy to politic as usual.

From My Interview with Saint Peter, The Art of Martyrdom, an article from 2011, He (Saint Peter) said, "So to conclude about martyrdom. Do you know that all but two, of the fifty two of my immediate successors as Bishop of Rome are saints, most were martyrs?"

And he continued, “Losing one’s head, being pierced, or cooked, is not for everyone. There was a time when we had to think about it. We had to be prepared. You had to give it all. It was a big distinguished club to join. There were some seriously impressive witnesses. The Greek word for witness means martyr. You wanted to be like them, and then most of all was the master’s example, so fresh in our minds. You know it happened so fast. It seemed right for me given the position that I had. What else could I do, get another fishing boat?"

This is the state of mind and soul that is required for a man to say, “Yes, I accept the office.”

Pope Benedict chose for the cover of his Saint Paul book a detail of Caravaggio’s painting of Saul changed to Saint Paul.

Having said all that about God choosing, the conclave will still be carried out in real time beginning today by more than one hundred men from all over the world.

Within that group today there is a split between those who want to maintain a status quo and those who want reform, the cleaning of the filth that Benedict began. There are observers who see his stepping aside as a means to achieving that needed cleansing. When he left office every curial department shut down. A new younger pope will be able to start fresh, and the new pope will have the special report prepared by the three cardinals that came out of the “Vatileaks” scandal. Only Pope Benedict’s eyes have seen that report. The electing cardinals asked to know what it contained but we are not sure exactly what and how much information they have received.

On the ground here and on Italian TV there is a great deal of talk about Cardinal Dolan and Cardinal O’Malley. We can imagine Dolan at World Youth Day in Rio. The Italians say that O’Malley reminds them of Padre Pio. I know Cardinal Sean from Boston. I think they both live the joy of the Faith. It has been said of Dolan, "Is he not too brash?" Saint Peter was a fisherman. We saw the shy Benedict suffer in the public position, do we want to see a shy man suffer in that way for twenty years? Benedict bore his cross and suffered in the spotlight but I think he is one of the great popes, and like Dolan I say, “Oh, I love him so much.” The part of the office that Benedict could no longer do was the part of being an Apostle. After the philosopher and theologian popes we have lots of heavy reading for many more years.  The counter-cultural position of the Church will become more tested as the clash with secular governments continues. The Dolan-Obama confrontation is ongoing. Throughout that I have admired Dolan’s affable firmness.

 I like some things that I have read about Viennese Cardinal Shoenborn, a Ratzinger student. They say a plus is that he has many enemies in the Curia so he would be a reformer. There was a question about his action overriding a local pastor and re-instating a homosexual parish minister. It seems that the minister said he refrains from taking Holy Communion. Those who know Shoenborn say he was satisfied with this situation and acted out of charity for the man.

Italian Tradition

The Italian patrimony and tradition is not trivial. It has worked for the country, the city, and the Vatican. Here is one good example first, and then I will point out a current problem with it that is analogous to what is happening now in the Curia.

Recently this story has been questioned but I like it as a story anyway for what it points out about the way things work in Rome.

In 1586 Pope Sixtus V (the Sistine Chapel is named after Pope Sixtus IV) set architect Domenico Fontana to move the obelisk from Nero’s Circus to the center of the piazza in front of the almost finished Saint Peter’s Basilica. It is from a single block of granite, 25 meters high weighing one million pounds.  It was brought from Egypt by Emperor Caligula in 37 AD. The obelisk has been called the “Silent Witness” because it saw Saint Peter and so many others martyred by Nero right to the left of where the fisherman’s basilica is now.

Given the history and the symbolism it was important that it not be broken in the move. There were 900 men and 140 horses for the task and the men were required to confess and receive communion before the final stages of the move that took four months. There were instructions that if any man spoke he would be executed. As the ropes began to burn, a sailor yelled, “Water the ropes.” He was not executed and to this day his family, his town, has the contract to supply the palm branches at Saint Peter’s on Palm Sunday. This seems appropriate as long as he can deliver on the contract. This is tradition.

I have often spoken of the generosity of the Romans for putting up with us art pilgrims and generously sharing their patrimony. But lately the union influences in Rome have required museum guides to be only those certified as Italian guides. The vigilance has been excessive and a woman was escorted out of the Vatican museums even though she was just explaining something to a family member. This is not tradition, it is grasping petty provincialism. Things may be getting better because I know a well respected guide who has spoken up and is being listened to now, and is being asked for advice.

Inside the Curia there are two groups favoring a status quo, those who want to keep control, and another group that is about maintaining contracts. Cardinal Bertone has been linked with the latter. In opposition to these, are the cardinals who wish to complete the reform that they believe Benedict began. Those who favor the status quo keep proposing compromise candidates to block reform, but none has caught on yet.

Will the fact of the media falling for Dolan and O’Malley have influence in the conclave? We will know soon.

Cum clavi is Latin for with a key. Today there will be only one vote. After today there will be two votes in the morning and two in the afternoon. A two thirds majority is required. Pope John Paul II had changed it to a single majority 50% plus one if there was no two thirds vote after twelve days. Pope Benedict in 2007 changed it back thinking that there may be a faction that could not get the two thirds and would block until for the twelfth day to get the simple majority.

The vote is hand written on paper and is secret. The ballots are burned after each second vote.

home (c) 2013 by Cornelius Sullivan

Notes from Rome - Cornelius Sullivan

THE UNPRECEDENTED PAPACY

March 11, 2013

By Cornelius Sullivan

Rome

The normal Sede Vacante, the vacant Chair of Saint Peter period, usually involves a funeral followed by a Conclave. In this uncertain interregnum time we can be certain of only one thing. There will be a Papal Funeral at some time celebrated by a Pope. A funeral for a Pope by a Pope is unprecedented in Modern Times.

The mourning time for Pope John Paul II that preceded his funeral involved lines of pilgrims for days coursing through the city streets leading to Saint Peter’s Basilica. The Funeral celebrated by Cardinal Ratzinger was a world event that dominated the interregnum period before the conclave.

The spotlight of History is now focused on the future next week. In Rome time seems to be racing ahead even though it is a waiting time. A big story now is about the press, there will be five thousand six hundred journalists temporarily accredited by the Vatican Press Office. With large laminated identity badges strap slung around their necks they are intent in anticipation, wide eyed and aware of the immense historical importance of the coming days.

I have seen people fervently praying in Piazza San Pietro, amid the crowds, on their knees, looking at the basilica and looking at the light-less empty Papal Palace.

Sunday was a day without meetings for the Cardinals. They said Masses at their respective titular churches. I had dinner last night with two experienced media journalists, who are busy now doing TV spots, and a writer from the Vatican newspaper, L’Osservatore Romano. The reporters went to the Mass celebrated by Boston’s Cardinal Sean O”Malley at Santa Maria delle Vittoria, the church with Bernini’s Ecstasy of Saint Theresa. They were impressed with Cardinal Sean’s strong voice and by the fact that if he is chosen, as a Capuchin Franciscan, he will still wear his sandles. My companions are all pulling for Cardinal Ouelett from Quebec. The writer from Osservatore went to his Sunday Mass at his church on Via delle Conciliazione, Santa Maria in Traspontina, only hundreds of yards from Saint Peter’s. She said he was very nervous and that he shook.

I said that the words of Cardinal Dolan resound with clarity through the canyons of New York, and that he could clean house because he has political genius, meaning that, we like him no matter what he says. He has the gift of doing things in a way that even those that he sends away after cleaning house may end up thanking him.  My friends said that he can not relate to the Europeans. I reminded them that Pope Benedict in 2012 asked him to speak to all the Cardinals on the subject of “Evangelization in a Secular World”. My academic friends say he hit a home run with that talk. I saw him in Rome at that time, more about that later. My European friends in the United States scoff at the idea of an American Pope. Cardinal Weurl has said that it would be a problem because the US is a super power. Only a Cardinal from Washington DC would say something like that.

It is getting loud in the Press Office. Phones ring and conversations in many languages get louder as they increase in frequency. And now we await Farther Federico Lombardi’s press release for the day, Monday. The Cardinals have met for a final time before the conclave to allow the Cardinals who arrived late to speak.

At 1:15 PM Father Lombardi speaks In Italian, then there is an English translation, and then in Spanish. This is the last briefing before the conclave. The conclave begins tomorrow with a Mass in the morning.

Today there were one hundred and fifty two Cardinals present. Three Cardinals were chosen to assist the Head of the College of Cardinals.

Twenty eight Cardinals spoke this morning. Some who wished to talk did not get chance to speak because of a vote to end the talks.

The Mass tomorrow will be celebrated by Cardinal Sodano with his homily in Italian and with music by Palestrina.

After the Mass there will be a solemn procession through the Pauline Chapel below the Michelangelo frescoes of the Conversion of Saint Paul and the Crucifixion of Saint Peter with the chanting of the Litany of the Saints.

Then to the Sistine Chapel and the Cardinals take an oath in Latin and each places his hands on the bible.

The Master of Ceremonies takes out the observers and the doors are closed and locked.

It is expected that there will be a vote by 4:30 and probably some smoke by 8:00 PM. It is not likely that it will be white because this is only the first vote.

The Vatican camera will be on the chimney. “If you see white smoke, you will know what to do.”

Once elected, the one chosen will be asked, “Do you accept?” Then, “What name do you take?”

Then there will be a special prayer.

The new Pope is taken to “The Room of Tears” where he is vested with a white cassock.

The new Pope will stop at the Pauline Chapel to pray alone before the Blessed Sacrament.

Then the world will see him on the balcony.

Last time it was 45 minutes between smoke and balcony.

The Mass of ordination does not have to be on a Sunday, there will be a period of time for people from all over the world to travel.

If the Cardinals choose to not vote tomorrow, Father Lombardi with his inside information, will know because the Cardinals will have made their way to Saint Margaret’s Hall for dinner.

The whole process is both grand and familiar at the same time.